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中ア対立\n",[11,94,95],{},[14,96,97],{},"後に「世界で唯一，純粋なマルクス・レーニン主義を守っている国」を自称",[14,99,100],{},"1976：アルバニア社会主義人民共和国に改称",[14,102,103],{},"1990：民主化デモの活発化",[14,105,106],{},"1991：複数政党制を開始アルバニア共和国に改称",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":110},"",2,[111],{"id":53,"depth":109,"text":54},"国家",false,"md",{},true,"\u002Fdict\u002Fal",{"title":6,"description":108},"dict\u002Fal\u002Findex","yKfAc0VOMrHQtpngJhUWMgOl5JWDBNREnWkNVbAlmjw","\u002Fcontent\u002Fal",{"id":123,"title":124,"body":125,"category":112,"description":108,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":162,"navigation":116,"path":163,"seo":164,"stem":165,"__hash__":166,"actualPath":167},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fat\u002Findex.md","オーストリア",{"type":8,"value":126,"toc":160},[127],[11,128,129,132,137,145,148,151,154,157],{},[14,130,131],{},"首都：ウィーン",[14,133,134,135],{},"面積：8.39万km",[24,136,26],{},[14,138,139,140],{},"人口：910万人［2023］\n",[11,141,142],{},[14,143,144],{},"増加率：0.7%［2015-20］",[14,146,147],{},"GNI：5,029億USD／55,070USD\u002F人［2023］",[14,149,150],{},"言語：ドイツ語 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EUとの関係",[11,1277,1278],{},[14,1279,1280],{},"いずれもEUには非加盟",[307,1282,1284],{"id":1283},"eea欧州経済領域","EEA（欧州経済領域）",[11,1286,1287,1294,1299],{},[14,1288,1289,336,1291,1293],{},[236,1290,1258],{"href":1257},[236,1292,1268],{"href":1267},"，リヒテンシュタインが参加",[14,1295,1296,1298],{},[236,1297,459],{"href":238},"非加盟のままその巨大市場に参加",[14,1300,1301,1303],{},[236,1302,479],{"href":660},"はEEA不参加も，個別の協定で対応",[307,1305,1307],{"id":1306},"euとeftaの違い","EUとEFTAの違い",[1309,1310,1311,1327],"table",{},[1312,1313,1314],"thead",{},[1315,1316,1317,1322,1325],"tr",{},[1318,1319,1321],"th",{"align":1320},"right","項目",[1318,1323,573],{"align":1324},"center",[1318,1326,459],{"align":1324},[1328,1329,1330,1342,1353],"tbody",{},[1315,1331,1332,1336,1339],{},[1333,1334,1335],"td",{"align":1320},"超国家的な権力",[1333,1337,1338],{"align":1324},"なし（各国の主権）",[1333,1340,1341],{"align":1324},"あり（EU全体の法律）",[1315,1343,1344,1347,1350],{},[1333,1345,1346],{"align":1320},"共通の通貨",[1333,1348,1349],{"align":1324},"なし（クローネ，フランなど）",[1333,1351,1352],{"align":1324},"あり（ユーロ）",[1315,1354,1355,1358,1361],{},[1333,1356,1357],{"align":1320},"共通の外交政策",[1333,1359,1360],{"align":1324},"なし",[1333,1362,1363],{"align":1324},"あり（EU全体で一括）",[307,1365,1367],{"id":1366},"euに加盟しない理由","EUに加盟しない理由",[11,1369,1370,1378],{},[14,1371,1372,1373,336,1375,1377],{},"漁業の権利を守るため（",[236,1374,1258],{"href":1257},[236,1376,1268],{"href":1267},"）",[14,1379,1380,1381,1377],{},"中立政策を守るため（",[236,1382,479],{"href":660},[51,1384,1386],{"id":1385},"_3-来歴","3. 来歴",[11,1388,1389,1402,1439,1452,1458,1466,1475,1485],{},[14,1390,1391,1392,1396,1397],{},"EEC設立に対抗するため，",[236,1393,1395],{"href":1394},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fgb","イギリス","が提唱\n",[11,1398,1399],{},[14,1400,1401],{},"主権は制限しないまま，経済の自由化のみ目指す",[14,1403,1404,1405],{},"［1960年］EFTA設立\n",[11,1406,1407,1411,1415,1419,1425,1429,1433],{},[14,1408,1409],{},[236,1410,1395],{"href":1394},[14,1412,1413],{},[236,1414,479],{"href":660},[14,1416,1417],{},[236,1418,1258],{"href":1257},[14,1420,1421],{},[236,1422,1424],{"href":1423},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fse","スウェーデン",[14,1426,1427],{},[236,1428,1155],{"href":1236},[14,1430,1431],{},[236,1432,124],{"href":167},[14,1434,1435],{},[236,1436,1438],{"href":1437},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fpt","ポルトガル",[14,1440,1441,1442,1446,1447],{},"［1961年］",[236,1443,1445],{"href":1444},"\u002Fcontent\u002Ffi","フィンランド","が準加盟国として参加\n",[11,1448,1449],{},[14,1450,1451],{},"ソ連への配慮",[14,1453,1454,1455,1457],{},"［1970年］",[236,1456,1268],{"href":1267},"加盟",[14,1459,1460,1461,336,1463,1465],{},"［1973年］",[236,1462,1395],{"href":1394},[236,1464,1155],{"href":1236},"脱退（ECへ）",[14,1467,1468,1469,1471,1472,1474],{},"［1986年］",[236,1470,1438],{"href":1437},"脱退（ECへ），",[236,1473,1445],{"href":1444},"正式加盟",[14,1476,1477,1478],{},"［1991年］リヒテンシュタイン正式加盟\n",[11,1479,1480],{},[14,1481,1482,1484],{},[236,1483,479],{"href":660},"と関税同盟があり，1960年から事実上加盟状態",[14,1486,1487,1488,336,1490,1492,1493,1465],{},"［1995年］",[236,1489,124],{"href":167},[236,1491,1424],{"href":1423},"、",[236,1494,1445],{"href":1444},{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":1496},[1497,1498,1503],{"id":221,"depth":109,"text":222},{"id":1274,"depth":109,"text":1275,"children":1499},[1500,1501,1502],{"id":1283,"depth":395,"text":1284},{"id":1306,"depth":395,"text":1307},{"id":1366,"depth":395,"text":1367},{"id":1385,"depth":109,"text":1386},{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fefta",{"title":573,"description":108},"dict\u002Fefta\u002Findex","foz_rZhAvg5yWycKUp5DVekW_XXHx3P_t-Kt4dbM7ZE",{"id":1510,"title":1511,"body":1512,"category":112,"description":108,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":1622,"navigation":116,"path":1623,"seo":1624,"stem":1625,"__hash__":1626,"actualPath":1627},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fes\u002Findex.md","スペイン",{"type":8,"value":1513,"toc":1616},[1514,1516,1540,1542,1580,1582,1606,1608],[51,1515,222],{"id":221},[11,1517,1518,1521,1524,1529,1537],{},[14,1519,1520],{},"正式名称：スペイン王国／スペイン国",[14,1522,1523],{},"首都：マドリード",[14,1525,1526,1527,27],{},"面積：50.60万km",[24,1528,26],{},[14,1530,1531,1532],{},"人口：4,808万人［2023］\n",[11,1533,1534],{},[14,1535,1536],{},"増加率：0.04%［2015-20］",[14,1538,1539],{},"GNI：15,564億USD／32,180USD\u002F人［2023］",[51,1541,514],{"id":513},[11,1543,1544,1547,1574,1577],{},[14,1545,1546],{},"多民族国家",[14,1548,1549,1550],{},"複数の分離独立運動\n",[11,1551,1552,1563],{},[14,1553,1554,1555],{},"カタルーニャ地方\n",[11,1556,1557,1560],{},[14,1558,1559],{},"北東部に位置",[14,1561,1562],{},"中心都市：バルセロナ → 自動車工業，観光業（サグラダ・ファミリア）などで経済的に豊か",[14,1564,1565,1566],{},"バスク地方\n",[11,1567,1568,1571],{},[14,1569,1570],{},"フランス国境付近に位置",[14,1572,1573],{},"中心都市：ビルバオ",[14,1575,1576],{},"スペイン語：インド・ヨーロッパ語族ラテン語派",[14,1578,1579],{},"おもにカトリックを信仰",[51,1581,995],{"id":994},[11,1583,1584,1592],{},[14,1585,1586,1587],{},"地中海式農業\n",[11,1588,1589],{},[14,1590,1591],{},"オレンジ：輸出世界一",[14,1593,1594,1595],{},"豚\n",[11,1596,1597,1600,1603],{},[14,1598,1599],{},"頭数が世界４位",[14,1601,1602],{},"輸出上位",[14,1604,1605],{},"2025年末，野生イノシシでアフリカ豚熱の発生が確認され，日本は豚肉等の輸入一時停止",[51,1607,1037],{"id":1036},[11,1609,1610,1613],{},[14,1611,1612],{},"ビルバオで鉄山立地型の鉄鋼業が発達 → 現在鉄山は閉山",[14,1614,1615],{},"自動車生産はヨーロッパではドイツに次ぐ ← EU企業の進出による",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":1617},[1618,1619,1620,1621],{"id":221,"depth":109,"text":222},{"id":513,"depth":109,"text":514},{"id":994,"depth":109,"text":995},{"id":1036,"depth":109,"text":1037},{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fes",{"title":1511,"description":108},"dict\u002Fes\u002Findex","ODUL7Ea5_I6Kg9URFHyo3hWojF0yKB7qm5Z1VPm6CRY","\u002Fcontent\u002Fes",{"id":1629,"title":239,"body":1630,"category":470,"description":108,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":1953,"navigation":116,"path":1954,"seo":1955,"stem":1956,"__hash__":1957,"actualPath":238},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Feu\u002Findex.md",{"type":8,"value":1631,"toc":1947},[1632,1634,1660,1664,1799,1803,1905,1909],[51,1633,222],{"id":221},[11,1635,1636,1639,1642,1647,1652,1655],{},[14,1637,1638],{},"略称：EU",[14,1640,1641],{},"加盟国数：27ヶ国［2026年］",[14,1643,1644,1645,1377],{},"本部：ブリュッセル（",[236,1646,216],{"href":403},[14,1648,1649,1650,1377],{},"議会：ストラスブール（",[236,1651,322],{"href":321},[14,1653,1654],{},"司法裁判所：ルクセンブルク",[14,1656,1657,1658,1377],{},"中央銀行：フランクフルト（",[236,1659,317],{"href":316},[51,1661,1663],{"id":1662},"_2-歴史","2. 歴史",[11,1665,1666,1669,1672,1675,1711,1725,1736,1743,1750,1753,1761,1764,1767,1780,1787,1790,1793],{},[14,1667,1668],{},"［1952年］ECSC（ヨーロッパ石炭鉄鋼共同体）",[14,1670,1671],{},"［1958年］EEC（ヨーロッパ経済共同体）",[14,1673,1674],{},"［1958年］EURATOM（ヨーロッパ原子力共同体）",[14,1676,1677,1678],{},"［1967年］EC（ヨーロッパ共同体）に統合",[11,1679,1680],{},[14,1681,1682,1683],{},"原加盟国\n",[11,1684,1685,1689,1692,1698],{},[14,1686,1687],{},[236,1688,322],{"href":321},[14,1690,1691],{},"西ドイツ",[14,1693,1694],{},[236,1695,1697],{"href":1696},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fit","イタリア",[14,1699,1700,1703,1704,336,1706,1708,1709],{},[236,1701,1702],{"href":261},"ベネルクス三国","（",[236,1705,216],{"href":403},[236,1707,342],{"href":341},"，ルクセンブルク）：",[236,1710,455],{"href":261},[14,1712,1713,1714],{},"［1968年］EC関税同盟",[11,1715,1716,1719,1722],{},[14,1717,1718],{},"域内関税撤廃",[14,1720,1721],{},"対外共通関税の実施",[14,1723,1724],{},"農産物の統一価格の制定",[14,1726,1460,1727,336,1729,336,1733,1735],{},[236,1728,1395],{"href":1394},[236,1730,1732],{"href":1731},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fie","アイルランド",[236,1734,1155],{"href":1236},"が加盟",[14,1737,1738,1739,1735],{},"［1981年］",[236,1740,1742],{"href":1741},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fgr","ギリシャ",[14,1744,1468,1745,1747,1748,1735],{},[236,1746,1511],{"href":1627},"・",[236,1749,1438],{"href":1437},[14,1751,1752],{},"［1993年］マーストリヒト条約発効により，EUに発展（この時点で12ヶ国が加盟）",[14,1754,1487,1755,336,1757,336,1759,1735],{},[236,1756,124],{"href":167},[236,1758,1424],{"href":1423},[236,1760,1445],{"href":1444},[14,1762,1763],{},"［1995年］シェンゲン協定により国境管理廃止",[14,1765,1766],{},"［1999年］単一通貨ユーロの導入 → 2002年より一般流通開始",[14,1768,1769,1770,336,1772,1774,1775,1779],{},"［2004年］エストニア，ラトビア，リトアニア，",[236,1771,887],{"href":886},[236,1773,751],{"href":798},"，スロバキア，",[236,1776,1778],{"href":1777},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fhu","ハンガリー","，スロベニア，マルタ，キプロスが加盟",[14,1781,1782,1783,1786],{},"［2007年］",[236,1784,893],{"href":1785},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fro","，ブルガリアが加盟",[14,1788,1789],{},"［2009年］リスボン条約発効：一つの国を目指す",[14,1791,1792],{},"［2013年］クロアチアが加盟",[14,1794,1795,1796,1798],{},"［2020年］ Brexit（",[236,1797,1395],{"href":1394},"が離脱）",[51,1800,1802],{"id":1801},"_3-政策","3. 政策",[11,1804,1805,1823,1882],{},[14,1806,1807,1808],{},"人・モノ・サービス・資本の移動の自由化を目指す\n",[11,1809,1810,1818,1821],{},[14,1811,1812,1813],{},"シェンゲン協定\n",[11,1814,1815],{},[14,1816,1817],{},"国境管理の廃止",[14,1819,1820],{},"域内関税・非関税障壁の撤廃",[14,1822,1721],{},[14,1824,1825,1826],{},"ユーロ：単一通貨\n",[11,1827,1828,1831,1834,1843,1848,1851,1868],{},[14,1829,1830],{},"EU加盟国のうち20ヶ国が使用",[14,1832,1833],{},"原則全加盟国に導入義務あり",[14,1835,1836,1837,1839,1840,1842],{},"オプトアウト：",[236,1838,1155],{"href":1236},"と",[236,1841,1395],{"href":1394},"（現在は脱退）のみ，導入義務が免除されている",[14,1844,1845,1847],{},[236,1846,1424],{"href":1423},"及び東欧諸国は，経済水準を満たさず未導入",[14,1849,1850],{},"正式な導入国が独自デザインの貨幣を発行する鋳造権を持つ",[14,1852,1853,1854],{},"一方的ユーロ化\n",[11,1855,1856,1859,1862,1865],{},[14,1857,1858],{},"コソボ，モンテネグロ：ドイツマルクからの移行",[14,1860,1861],{},"EUとの通貨協定なしにユーロを導入",[14,1863,1864],{},"EUは黙認しているがよく思っていない",[14,1866,1867],{},"鋳造権なし",[14,1869,1870,1871],{},"ミニ国家\n",[11,1872,1873,1876,1879],{},[14,1874,1875],{},"バチカン市国，サンマリノ，モナコ，アンドラ",[14,1877,1878],{},"通貨協定に基づいて導入",[14,1880,1881],{},"鋳造権あり",[14,1883,1884,1885],{},"共通農業政策\n",[11,1886,1887,1890,1893,1896,1899,1902],{},[14,1888,1889],{},"農業生産量・自給率向上を目指す",[14,1891,1892],{},"域内の農作物に統一価格を設定",[14,1894,1895],{},"輸入農産物から統一価格との差額を輸入課徴金として徴収",[14,1897,1898],{},"輸出農産物は差額を輸出補助金として農家に支給",[14,1900,1901],{},"余剰農産物，財政負担の問題",[14,1903,1904],{},"現在は農家の所得を直接保障する「価格・所得政策」と「農村振興政策」が中心",[51,1906,1908],{"id":1907},"_4-課題","4. 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コモンウェルス・レルム（英連邦王国）",[11,2394,2395,2409],{},[14,2396,2397,2398],{},"イギリス国王を自国の国家元首とする国が15ヶ国\n",[11,2399,2400,2403,2406],{},[14,2401,2402],{},"カナダ",[14,2404,2405],{},"オーストラリア",[14,2407,2408],{},"ニュージーランド",[14,2410,2411,2412],{},"他に\n",[11,2413,2414,2425],{},[14,2415,2416,2417],{},"独自の大統領をもつ共和国\n",[11,2418,2419,2422],{},[14,2420,2421],{},"インド",[14,2423,2424],{},"南アフリカ など",[14,2426,2427,2428],{},"独自の国王を持つ王国\n",[11,2429,2430],{},[14,2431,2432],{},"マレーシア など",[51,2434,2436],{"id":2435},"_3-行事","3. 行事",[307,2438,2440],{"id":2439},"コモンウェルスゲームズ","コモンウェルス・ゲームズ",[11,2442,2443,2446,2449],{},[14,2444,2445],{},"４年ごとに開催されるスポート大会",[14,2447,2448],{},"オリンピック競技",[14,2450,2451],{},"英連邦特有の競技（ネットボール，ローンボウルズ，7人制ラグビーなど）",[307,2453,2455],{"id":2454},"コモンウェルス首脳会議chogm","コモンウェルス首脳会議（CHOGM）",[11,2457,2458,2461],{},[14,2459,2460],{},"２年に一回",[14,2462,2463,2464],{},"加盟国首脳が共通の課題について議論\n",[11,2465,2466,2469,2472],{},[14,2467,2468],{},"気候変動",[14,2470,2471],{},"経済発展",[14,2473,2474],{},"教育",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":2476},[2477,2478,2479],{"id":221,"depth":109,"text":222},{"id":2391,"depth":109,"text":2392},{"id":2435,"depth":109,"text":2436,"children":2480},[2481,2482],{"id":2439,"depth":395,"text":2440},{"id":2454,"depth":395,"text":2455},{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fgb\u002Fcommonwealth",{"title":2340,"description":108},"dict\u002Fgb\u002Fcommonwealth\u002Findex","1CRXE80zd_3vj-kZi1AOl5YFJCW0bcpn_NJMKTMBfAQ","\u002Fcontent\u002Fgb\u002Fcommonwealth",{"id":2490,"title":2491,"body":2492,"category":2538,"description":108,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":2539,"navigation":116,"path":2540,"seo":2541,"stem":2542,"__hash__":2543,"actualPath":2544},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fgb\u002Fgibraltar\u002Findex.md","ジブラルタル",{"type":8,"value":2493,"toc":2534},[2494,2496,2519,2521],[51,2495,222],{"id":221},[11,2497,2498,2503,2510,2516],{},[14,2499,2500,2501],{},"面積：6.8km",[24,2502,26],{},[14,2504,2505,2506,2509],{},"イベリア半島南端，",[236,2507,1511],{"href":2508},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fes\u002F","と陸続き",[14,2511,2512,2515],{},[236,2513,1395],{"href":2514},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fgb\u002F","の海外領土",[14,2517,2518],{},"ジブラルタル海峡（大西洋と地中海を繋ぐ）に面している",[51,2520,1663],{"id":1662},[11,2522,2523,2526],{},[14,2524,2525],{},"［18c初め］スペイン継承戦争にてイギリス・オランダ連合軍が占領",[14,2527,2528,2529],{},"［1713］ユトレヒト条約でイギリス領となる\n",[11,2530,2531],{},[14,2532,2533],{},"スペインは返還を求めている",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":2535},[2536,2537],{"id":221,"depth":109,"text":222},{"id":1662,"depth":109,"text":1663},"地域",{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fgb\u002Fgibraltar",{"title":2491,"description":108},"dict\u002Fgb\u002Fgibraltar\u002Findex","1vaehWdy6aoCjK53gqH2bfaIG-002QTKEIcJkK7IJ_U","\u002Fcontent\u002Fgb\u002Fgibraltar",{"id":2546,"title":1395,"body":2547,"category":112,"description":108,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":2882,"navigation":116,"path":2883,"seo":2884,"stem":2885,"__hash__":2886,"actualPath":1394},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fgb\u002Findex.md",{"type":8,"value":2548,"toc":2856},[2549,2551,2582,2584,2586,2596,2600,2608,2610,2618,2624,2631,2638,2642,2672,2676,2683,2694,2698,2706,2709,2717,2721,2732,2736,2739,2750,2753,2761,2764,2772,2775,2783,2786,2791,2794,2807,2811,2819,2823],[51,2550,222],{"id":221},[11,2552,2553,2559,2562,2565,2570,2573,2576,2579],{},[14,2554,2555,2556],{},"正式名称： ",[420,2557,2558],{},"グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国",[14,2560,2561],{},"略称： 英国",[14,2563,2564],{},"首都： ロンドン",[14,2566,2567,2568,2075],{},"面積： 24.44万km",[24,2569,26],{},[14,2571,2572],{},"人口： 6,759万人［2022年］",[14,2574,2575],{},"人口増加率： 0.6%［2015-20年］",[14,2577,2578],{},"GNI：32,670億USD［2023年］，47,800USD\u002F人［2023年］",[14,2580,2581],{},"イングランド，スコットランド，ウェールズ，北アイルランドから成る連合王国",[51,2583,514],{"id":513},[307,2585,852],{"id":852},[11,2587,2588,2590,2593],{},[14,2589,1546],{},[14,2591,2592],{},"白人が大半を占める",[14,2594,2595],{},"各地方ごとに異なる民族意識",[307,2597,2599],{"id":2598},"言語インドヨーロッパ語族-ゲルマン語派","言語（インド・ヨーロッパ語族 ゲルマン語派）",[11,2601,2602,2605],{},[14,2603,2604],{},"英語：事実上の公用語",[14,2606,2607],{},"ウェールズ語，スコットランド・ゲール語，アイルランド語：各地方の伝統として公的な保護・普及活動が行なわれている",[307,2609,937],{"id":937},[11,2611,2612,2615],{},[14,2613,2614],{},"イギリス国教会（プロテスタント）が主流",[14,2616,2617],{},"若年層を中心に無宗教が急増",[307,2619,2621],{"id":2620},"北アイルランド問題",[236,2622,2620],{"href":2623},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fgb\u002Fn_ireland",[281,2625,2626,2627,2630],{},"カトリック信徒が多く，",[236,2628,2629],{"href":1731},"アイルランド共和国（現アイルランド）","として独立した南部に対し，アイルランド島北部はプロテスタントが主流であり，イギリスに残った．",[281,2632,2633,2634,2637],{},"「",[236,2635,2636],{"href":2623},"ザ・トラブルズ","」などと呼ばれる．",[51,2639,2641],{"id":2640},"_3-政治体制","3. 政治体制",[11,2643,2644,2658],{},[14,2645,2646,2647],{},"立憲君主制\n",[11,2648,2649,2652,2655],{},[14,2650,2651],{},"君臨すれども統治せず",[14,2653,2654],{},"国家の統合の象徴",[14,2656,2657],{},"内閣の助言に基づいて国王大権を行使",[14,2659,2660,2661],{},"議院内閣制の先駆\n",[11,2662,2663,2666,2669],{},[14,2664,2665],{},"下院（庶民院）の第一党の党首が，国王より首相に任命される",[14,2667,2668],{},"下院の優越",[14,2670,2671],{},"上院（貴族院）は世襲制，下院の法案に修正を求めるなど",[51,2673,2675],{"id":2674},"_4-国際関係","4. 国際関係",[307,2677,2679],{"id":2678},"英連邦コモンウェルス",[236,2680,2682],{"href":2681},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fgb\u002Fcommonwealth\u002F","英連邦（コモンウェルス）",[11,2684,2685,2688,2691],{},[14,2686,2687],{},"旧英領国家との緩やかな国際組織",[14,2689,2690],{},"植民地時代と異なり，各加盟国は対等",[14,2692,2693],{},"経済的協力，民主主義の推進など",[307,2695,2697],{"id":2696},"efta欧州自由貿易連合","EFTA（欧州自由貿易連合）",[11,2699,2700,2703],{},[14,2701,2702],{},"1960年創設時の初期加盟国",[14,2704,2705],{},"EC（欧州共同体）加盟時に離脱",[307,2707,2708],{"id":2708},"欧州連合との関係",[11,2710,2711,2714],{},[14,2712,2713],{},"Brexit：2016年国民投票，2020年正式にEU離脱",[14,2715,2716],{},"安全保障，経済，エネルギーなどの協力関係を約束",[51,2718,2720],{"id":2719},"_5-農業","5. 農業",[11,2722,2723,2726,2729],{},[14,2724,2725],{},"国土の７割が農地",[14,2727,2728],{},"農業人口率1.0%［2022年］",[14,2730,2731],{},"羊の頭数はヨーロッパ一",[51,2733,2735],{"id":2734},"_6-工業","6. 工業",[307,2737,2738],{"id":2738},"スコットランド",[11,2740,2741,2744,2747],{},[14,2742,2743],{},"中心都市：グラスゴー，エディンバラ",[14,2745,2746],{},"鉄鋼，造船が盛んであったが近年衰退",[14,2748,2749],{},"シリコングレン：近年エレクトロニクス産業が発達",[307,2751,2752],{"id":2752},"北東イングランド",[11,2754,2755,2758],{},[14,2756,2757],{},"北海油田の開発と共に発達",[14,2759,2760],{},"ミドルズブラ：石油化学，鉄鋼業が発達",[307,2762,2763],{"id":2763},"ランカシャー",[11,2765,2766,2769],{},[14,2767,2768],{},"ペニン山脈西麓",[14,2770,2771],{},"リーズ：産業革命で羊毛工業が発達",[307,2773,2774],{"id":2774},"ミッドランド",[11,2776,2777,2780],{},[14,2778,2779],{},"バーミンガムなどが丹田・鉄山を背景に鉄鋼業が栄えたものの衰退",[14,2781,2782],{},"カーディフ，ミドルズブラなど臨海に移動",[307,2784,2785],{"id":2785},"南ウェールズ",[11,2787,2788],{},[14,2789,2790],{},"カーディフ：臨海型の鉄鋼業",[307,2792,2793],{"id":2793},"ロンドン",[11,2795,2796,2799,2802,2804],{},[14,2797,2798],{},"テムズ川河口付近に位置",[14,2800,2801],{},"大都市型工業：印刷・出版など",[14,2803,2250],{},[14,2805,2806],{},"国際金融の中心の一つ",[51,2808,2810],{"id":2809},"_7-都市計画","7. 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→ フィヨルドであり波が静か",[51,3914,3362],{"id":3361},[11,3916,3917,3925],{},[14,3918,3919,3920],{},"水力発電\n",[11,3921,3922],{},[14,3923,3924],{},"安価な電力 → アルミニウム工業",[14,3926,3927,3928],{},"北海油田\n",[11,3929,3930],{},[14,3931,3932],{},"原油・天然ガス産出 → 輸出",[51,3934,3936],{"id":3935},"_5-外交","5. 外交",[11,3938,3939],{},[14,3940,3941,3943,3944,3946,3947],{},[236,3942,459],{"href":3400},"非加盟，",[236,3945,573],{"href":3391},"のみ加盟\n",[11,3948,3949],{},[14,3950,3951],{},"漁業利権を維持するため",[51,3953,3955],{"id":3954},"_6-その他","6. その他",[11,3957,3958],{},[14,3959,3960,3964],{},[236,3961,3963],{"href":3962},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fno\u002Fsj\u002F","スヴァールバル諸島",[11,3965,3966],{},[14,3967,3968],{},"広く平和利用を認める協定",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":3970},[3971,3972,3973,3974,3975,3976],{"id":221,"depth":109,"text":222},{"id":513,"depth":109,"text":514},{"id":1193,"depth":109,"text":1194},{"id":3361,"depth":109,"text":3362},{"id":3935,"depth":109,"text":3936},{"id":3954,"depth":109,"text":3955},{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fno",{"title":1258,"description":108},"dict\u002Fno\u002Findex","G3xgMglfkMSxvpX-0rPWye5nWYYCjUQBqSp-6zUmVNY",{"id":3983,"title":3963,"body":3984,"category":2538,"description":108,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":4067,"navigation":116,"path":4068,"seo":4069,"stem":4070,"__hash__":4071,"actualPath":4072},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fno\u002Fsj\u002Findex.md",{"type":8,"value":3985,"toc":4062},[3986,3988,4013,4017,4031,4035],[51,3987,222],{"id":221},[11,3989,3990,3996,3999,4004,4007,4010],{},[14,3991,3992,3995],{},[236,3993,1258],{"href":3994},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fno\u002F","領であるがシェンゲン圏外",[14,3997,3998],{},"北極圏の北部に位置",[14,4000,4001,4002],{},"面積：6.1万km",[24,4003,26],{},[14,4005,4006],{},"中心都市：ロングイェールビーン",[14,4008,4009],{},"世界最北級の有人地域",[14,4011,4012],{},"オスロなどから航空機で渡航",[51,4014,4016],{"id":4015},"_2-環境","2. 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緊張",[11,5089,5090,5093,5104],{},[14,5091,5092],{},"周囲を産油国に囲まれるため",[14,5094,5095,5096],{},"軍事・外交・エネルギー供給のチョークポイント\n",[11,5097,5098,5101],{},[14,5099,5100],{},"各国の関心が高く，利害の衝突が激化しやすい",[14,5102,5103],{},"政治的誤算や事故が全世界に波及しがち",[14,5105,5106,5107],{},"ペルシャ湾呼称問題に関連\n",[11,5108,5109,5112],{},[14,5110,5111],{},"イラン：ペルシャ湾",[14,5113,5114],{},"アラブ諸国：アラビア湾",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":5116},[5117,5118],{"id":221,"depth":109,"text":222},{"id":5086,"depth":109,"text":5087},"ペルシャ湾（アラビア湾）とオマーン湾を結ぶ国際海峡．",{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fstrait\u002Fhormuz",{"title":5048,"description":5119},"dict\u002Fstrait\u002Fhormuz\u002Findex","qov8w7vc3_G5IuxFKpc-7Qys4MrZH3Xh65auLutKNQ4","\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Fhormuz",{"id":5127,"title":4956,"body":5128,"category":5254,"description":5255,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":5256,"navigation":116,"path":5257,"seo":5258,"stem":5259,"__hash__":5260,"actualPath":4955},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fstrait\u002Finternational\u002Findex.md",{"type":8,"value":5129,"toc":5245},[5130,5137,5140,5143,5146,5154,5157,5173,5176,5206,5209,5212,5229,5232],[281,5131,5132,5133,5136],{},"正式名称は「",[420,5134,5135],{},"国際航行に使用されている海峡","」．",[281,5138,5139],{},"国連海洋法条約（UNCLOS）で言及されている海峡を指す．",[51,5141,5142],{"id":5142},"通過通航権",[281,5144,5145],{},"領海であっても，多くの国際海峡で認められている．",[11,5147,5148,5151],{},[14,5149,5150],{},"自由な航行と上空飛行：外国の商船や軍艦は，進行を妨げられず，継続的かつ迅速に通過することが認められる",[14,5152,5153],{},"潜水艦の潜水したままの通過：通常の領海では，浮上して航行する必要がある",[51,5155,5156],{"id":5156},"群島航路帯通航権",[11,5158,5159,5162,5165],{},[14,5160,5161],{},"潜水艦の潜水航行の自由",[14,5163,5164],{},"上空飛行の自由：他国の軍用機も含む",[14,5166,5167,5168],{},"航路の制限：沿岸国の設定した航路から左右25海里を離れてはならない\n",[11,5169,5170],{},[14,5171,5172],{},"航路外に出た場合：無害通航権が適用される",[307,5174,5175],{"id":5175},"具体例",[11,5177,5178,5185,5191,5200],{},[14,5179,5180,5184],{},[236,5181,5183],{"href":5182},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Fmalacca\u002F","マラッカ海峡","：マレー半島とスマトラ島の間，東アジアに運ばれる物資の主要ルート",[14,5186,5187,5190],{},[236,5188,5048],{"href":5189},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Fhormuz\u002F","：ペルシャ（アラビア）湾とオマーン湾の間：原油の輸送経路",[14,5192,5193,5196,5197,5199],{},[236,5194,4998],{"href":5195},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Fgibraltar\u002F","：",[236,5198,1511],{"href":1627},"とモロッコの間，太平洋と地中海を結び，ヨーロッパとアジア・アフリカを繋ぐ",[14,5201,5202,5205],{},[236,5203,2241],{"href":5204},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Fdover\u002F","：英仏の間，北海と大西洋を結ぶ",[51,5207,5208],{"id":5208},"特定海峡",[281,5210,5211],{},"日本では，原則領海の幅を12海里と定めているが，以下の海峡では，３海里に留めている．",[11,5213,5214,5217,5220,5223,5226],{},[14,5215,5216],{},"大隈海峡",[14,5218,5219],{},"対馬海峡東水道",[14,5221,5222],{},"対馬海峡西水道",[14,5224,5225],{},"宗谷海峡",[14,5227,5228],{},"津軽海峡",[307,5230,5231],{"id":5231},"目的",[11,5233,5234,5242],{},[14,5235,5236,5237],{},"海峡内に航行可能な領海（またはEEZ）が存在する場合が通過通行権が適用されず，沿岸部が広く開放される事態は避けることができる\n",[11,5238,5239],{},[14,5240,5241],{},"無害通航権：他国の領海内を航行する時，沿岸国の安全を害さず，国旗を掲げ，潜水艦は浮上しなければならない",[14,5243,5244],{},"非核三原則との兼ね合い：アメリカの軍艦が航行する余地を残すため，主権の及ばない公海を設けた",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":5246},[5247,5248,5251],{"id":5142,"depth":109,"text":5142},{"id":5156,"depth":109,"text":5156,"children":5249},[5250],{"id":5175,"depth":395,"text":5175},{"id":5208,"depth":109,"text":5208,"children":5252},[5253],{"id":5231,"depth":395,"text":5231},"用語","正式名称は「国際航行に使用されている海峡」．",{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fstrait\u002Finternational",{"title":4956,"description":5255},"dict\u002Fstrait\u002Finternational\u002Findex","QU_u7-62uZQUDNM3j5_zVH6-xdkYp7-v9c8C9V5hUQs",{"id":5262,"title":5263,"body":5264,"category":4921,"description":5323,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":5324,"navigation":116,"path":5325,"seo":5326,"stem":5327,"__hash__":5328,"actualPath":5329},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fstrait\u002Flombok\u002Findex.md","ロンボク海峡",{"type":8,"value":5265,"toc":5319},[5266,5271,5276,5280,5302,5306],[281,5267,5268,5269],{},"バリ島とロンボク島（インドネシア中部・小スンダ列島）の間にある",[236,5270,4956],{"href":4955},[4870,5272],{"lat":5273,"lon":5274,"zoom":5275},"-8.442","115.862","8",[51,5277,5279],{"id":5278},"_1-地形情報","1. 地形情報",[11,5281,5282,5285,5288],{},[14,5283,5284],{},"インド洋とバリ海を結ぶ",[14,5286,5287],{},"水深が深い（数百メートル超） → マラッカ海峡を通れない大型船の代替航路",[14,5289,5290,5293,5294,5297,5298,5301],{},[236,5291,4956],{"href":5292},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Finternational\u002F","であるが，海峡周辺は全てインドネシアの領海・群島水域であるため，",[236,5295,5142],{"href":5296},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Finternational\u002F#%E9%80%9A%E9%81%8E%E9%80%9A%E8%88%AA%E6%A8%A9","ではなく，",[236,5299,5156],{"href":5300},"\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Finternational\u002F#%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6%E8%88%AA%E8%B7%AF%E5%B8%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%88%AA%E6%A8%A9","が適用される",[51,5303,5305],{"id":5304},"_2-環境的役割","2. 環境的役割",[11,5307,5308],{},[14,5309,5310,5311],{},"ウォーレス線\n",[11,5312,5313,5316],{},[14,5314,5315],{},"水深が非常に深く，氷河期でも陸橋が形成されなかった",[14,5317,5318],{},"アジア系とオーストラリア系の動植物相を隔てる",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":5320},[5321,5322],{"id":5278,"depth":109,"text":5279},{"id":5304,"depth":109,"text":5305},"バリ島とロンボク島（インドネシア中部・小スンダ列島）の間にある国際海峡",{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fstrait\u002Flombok",{"title":5263,"description":5323},"dict\u002Fstrait\u002Flombok\u002Findex","EdUxdErIJK6v3wtRwwRbak5AKx19EDkes0bZC6yhPFY","\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Flombok",{"id":5331,"title":5183,"body":5332,"category":4921,"description":5415,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":5416,"navigation":116,"path":5417,"seo":5418,"stem":5419,"__hash__":5420,"actualPath":5421},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fstrait\u002Fmalacca\u002Findex.md",{"type":8,"value":5333,"toc":5411},[5334,5339,5343,5345,5358,5362],[281,5335,5336,5337,5006],{},"マレー半島とスマトラ島を隔てる，全長900kmの",[236,5338,4956],{"href":5292},[4870,5340],{"lat":5341,"lon":5342,"zoom":4943},"2.22","101.91",[51,5344,5279],{"id":5278},[11,5346,5347,5350],{},[14,5348,5349],{},"インド洋と南支那海を結ぶ最短経路",[14,5351,5352,5353],{},"最も狭い場所（シンガポール海峡付近のアラス海峡）は幅わずか2.8km\n",[11,5354,5355],{},[14,5356,5357],{},"過密，航行の難所",[51,5359,5361],{"id":5360},"_2-貿易","2. 貿易",[11,5363,5364,5367,5375,5386,5397],{},[14,5365,5366],{},"東アジア諸国が輸入する石油の大半が通る",[14,5368,5369,5370],{},"マラッカ王国（15cごろ繁栄）が海峡を支配，中継貿易拠点として繁栄\n",[11,5371,5372],{},[14,5373,5374],{},"ヨーロッパ列強による植民地争奪戦の舞台に",[14,5376,5377,5378],{},"シンガポールに近い\n",[11,5379,5380,5383],{},[14,5381,5382],{},"自由港のため輸入関税がかからない",[14,5384,5385],{},"物流のハブ",[14,5387,5388,5389],{},"海賊問題\n",[11,5390,5391,5394],{},[14,5392,5393],{},"狭い場所で速度を落とす船を狙う",[14,5395,5396],{},"周辺国が共同警備",[14,5398,5399,5400],{},"衝突・座礁リスク\n",[11,5401,5402,5405],{},[14,5403,5404],{},"水深が浅い場所がある",[14,5406,5407,5408,5410],{},"大型船は",[236,5409,5263],{"href":5329},"に迂回する場合がある",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":5412},[5413,5414],{"id":5278,"depth":109,"text":5279},{"id":5360,"depth":109,"text":5361},"マレー半島とスマトラ島を隔てる，全長900kmの国際海峡．",{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fstrait\u002Fmalacca",{"title":5183,"description":5415},"dict\u002Fstrait\u002Fmalacca\u002Findex","nseprJ6K0XdyOt6QFai-blDQX7Hxwr7VHDO2AQpJkCE","\u002Fcontent\u002Fstrait\u002Fmalacca",{"id":5423,"title":5424,"body":5425,"category":112,"description":108,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":5612,"navigation":116,"path":5613,"seo":5614,"stem":5615,"__hash__":5616,"actualPath":5617},"dictionary\u002Fdict\u002Fsu\u002Findex.md","ソビエト連邦",{"type":8,"value":5426,"toc":5603},[5427,5429,5449,5451,5551,5555,5569,5573,5576,5584,5587],[51,5428,222],{"id":221},[11,5430,5431,5434,5437,5443,5446],{},[14,5432,5433],{},"正式名称：ソビエト社会主義共和国連邦",[14,5435,5436],{},"略称：ソ連",[14,5438,5439,5440,5442],{},"面積：2240万km",[24,5441,26],{},"［戦後］",[14,5444,5445],{},"人口：2億9304万人［1991］",[14,5447,5448],{},"1991年に崩壊",[51,5450,1663],{"id":1662},[11,5452,5453,5471,5474,5482,5499,5518,5529,5540,5543],{},[14,5454,5455,5456],{},"［1922］ロシア革命により，世界初の社会主義国として成立\n",[11,5457,5458,5461,5468],{},[14,5459,5460],{},"15の共和国からなる連邦国家",[14,5462,5463,5464,5467],{},"レーニンにより，マルクス主義の理論を具体的に発展させた，",[420,5465,5466],{},"マルクス・レーニン主義","を実施",[14,5469,5470],{},"プロレタリア独裁と，そのための前衛党を重視",[14,5472,5473],{},"［1924］最初の憲法が制定",[14,5475,5476,5477],{},"［1924］レーニン死去\n",[11,5478,5479],{},[14,5480,5481],{},"スターリンに政権を継がせてはならないと遺言していたという",[14,5483,5484,5485],{},"［1924］スターリンが政権を掌握\n",[11,5486,5487,5490,5493,5496],{},[14,5488,5489],{},"反対派の弾圧",[14,5491,5492],{},"計画経済の確立",[14,5494,5495],{},"人為的な飢饉",[14,5497,5498],{},"収容所制度の拡大",[14,5500,5501,5502],{},"第二次世界大戦\n",[11,5503,5504,5507,5510],{},[14,5505,5506],{},"ナチス・ドイツと不可侵条約を結ぶ",[14,5508,5509],{},"ポーランドなど東欧諸国に侵攻",[14,5511,5512,5513],{},"独ソ戦開始 → ソ連（赤軍）が勝利\n",[11,5514,5515],{},[14,5516,5517],{},"赤軍占領地域はのちソ連の衛星国となる",[14,5519,5520,5521],{},"［1953］スターリン死去，フルシチョフが政権を握る\n",[11,5522,5523,5526],{},[14,5524,5525],{},"非スターリン化",[14,5527,5528],{},"宇宙開発",[14,5530,5531,5532],{},"［80年代半ば］ゴルバチョフ指導の下，自由化の動きが高まる\n",[11,5533,5534,5537],{},[14,5535,5536],{},"ペレストロイカ：改革",[14,5538,5539],{},"グラスノスチ：情報公開",[14,5541,5542],{},"［1991］バルト三国が分離独立",[14,5544,5545,5546],{},"［1991年末］ソ連解体\n",[11,5547,5548],{},[14,5549,5550],{},"バルト三国以外の12ヶ国でCIS（独立国家共同体）を結成",[51,5552,5554],{"id":5553},"_3-農業集団的な農業","3. 農業：集団的な農業",[11,5556,5557,5560,5563,5566],{},[14,5558,5559],{},"コルホーズ：集団農場",[14,5561,5562],{},"ソフホーズ：国営農場",[14,5564,5565],{},"生産意欲の低下",[14,5567,5568],{},"干魃・冷害などで農業生産は不安定",[51,5570,5572],{"id":5571},"_4-鉱工業","4. 鉱工業",[307,5574,5575],{"id":5575},"減量立地型",[11,5577,5578,5581],{},[14,5579,5580],{},"コンビナート方式：離れた地域の資源を鉄道やパイプラインで結びつけて工業化",[14,5582,5583],{},"コンプレックス：地域内で産出する資源を利用した工業化",[307,5585,5586],{"id":5586},"問題点",[11,5588,5589,5597,5600],{},[14,5590,5591,5592],{},"軍需物資の生産（重化学工業）に偏重\n",[11,5593,5594],{},[14,5595,5596],{},"生活物資の不足",[14,5598,5599],{},"先端技術産業などの立ち遅れ",[14,5601,5602],{},"環境破壊",{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":5604},[5605,5606,5607,5608],{"id":221,"depth":109,"text":222},{"id":1662,"depth":109,"text":1663},{"id":5553,"depth":109,"text":5554},{"id":5571,"depth":109,"text":5572,"children":5609},[5610,5611],{"id":5575,"depth":395,"text":5575},{"id":5586,"depth":395,"text":5586},{},"\u002Fdict\u002Fsu",{"title":5424,"description":108},"dict\u002Fsu\u002Findex","HNSfd43YYUdL_hzk1m_rQeDRHsUeJkJt7k0SMHZekxQ","\u002Fcontent\u002Fsu",{"id":5423,"title":5424,"body":5619,"category":112,"description":108,"draft":113,"extension":114,"meta":5756,"navigation":116,"path":5613,"seo":5757,"stem":5615,"__hash__":5616},{"type":8,"value":5620,"toc":5747},[5621,5623,5637,5639,5711,5713,5723,5725,5727,5733,5735],[51,5622,222],{"id":221},[11,5624,5625,5627,5629,5633,5635],{},[14,5626,5433],{},[14,5628,5436],{},[14,5630,5439,5631,5442],{},[24,5632,26],{},[14,5634,5445],{},[14,5636,5448],{},[51,5638,1663],{"id":1662},[11,5640,5641,5653,5655,5661,5673,5687,5695,5703,5705],{},[14,5642,5455,5643],{},[11,5644,5645,5647,5651],{},[14,5646,5460],{},[14,5648,5463,5649,5467],{},[420,5650,5466],{},[14,5652,5470],{},[14,5654,5473],{},[14,5656,5476,5657],{},[11,5658,5659],{},[14,5660,5481],{},[14,5662,5484,5663],{},[11,5664,5665,5667,5669,5671],{},[14,5666,5489],{},[14,5668,5492],{},[14,5670,5495],{},[14,5672,5498],{},[14,5674,5501,5675],{},[11,5676,5677,5679,5681],{},[14,5678,5506],{},[14,5680,5509],{},[14,5682,5512,5683],{},[11,5684,5685],{},[14,5686,5517],{},[14,5688,5520,5689],{},[11,5690,5691,5693],{},[14,5692,5525],{},[14,5694,5528],{},[14,5696,5531,5697],{},[11,5698,5699,5701],{},[14,5700,5536],{},[14,5702,5539],{},[14,5704,5542],{},[14,5706,5545,5707],{},[11,5708,5709],{},[14,5710,5550],{},[51,5712,5554],{"id":5553},[11,5714,5715,5717,5719,5721],{},[14,5716,5559],{},[14,5718,5562],{},[14,5720,5565],{},[14,5722,5568],{},[51,5724,5572],{"id":5571},[307,5726,5575],{"id":5575},[11,5728,5729,5731],{},[14,5730,5580],{},[14,5732,5583],{},[307,5734,5586],{"id":5586},[11,5736,5737,5743,5745],{},[14,5738,5591,5739],{},[11,5740,5741],{},[14,5742,5596],{},[14,5744,5599],{},[14,5746,5602],{},{"title":108,"searchDepth":109,"depth":109,"links":5748},[5749,5750,5751,5752],{"id":221,"depth":109,"text":222},{"id":1662,"depth":109,"text":1663},{"id":5553,"depth":109,"text":5554},{"id":5571,"depth":109,"text":5572,"children":5753},[5754,5755],{"id":5575,"depth":395,"text":5575},{"id":5586,"depth":395,"text":5586},{},{"title":5424,"description":108},1782815587631]